Fast shutters are a moving slit
Above about 1/250s the curtains never fully open — a narrow gap sweeps the sensor. That is why propellers and fast objects can come out bent in photos.
Above about 1/250s the curtains never fully open — a narrow gap sweeps the sensor. That is why propellers and fast objects can come out bent in photos.

Fibre optic cables carry data as laser light bouncing inside glass thinner than a hair, moving at roughly two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum.

Satellites carry a tiny share — around 99% of intercontinental internet traffic runs through submarine cables, some no thicker than a garden hose.

Satellite clocks tick faster in weaker gravity and slower from speed. Without relativity corrections of about 38 microseconds a day, positions would drift kilometres off.

In 1965 Gordon Moore noticed transistor counts doubling roughly every year, later revised to two. That guess became the industry's roadmap for half a century.

Charging pushes ions into the graphite anode, using them pushes them back. Each cycle degrades the structure slightly — which is why batteries age.

Capacitive screens hold a tiny electrical field; your conductive finger distorts it, and the phone calculates where. That is why gloves usually do not work.